English – South Saami Dictionary

This dictionary was donated to the National Museum of Language anonymously. South Saami is an endangered language spoken in Norway and Sweden. You can read more about the language and hear samples at the Endangered Languages Project.

You can browse through the dictionary by clicking on the left or right arrows below. Or you can download the pdf file.

About the Saami People and Languages

The Saami (also spelled Sámi) were sometimes called Lapp, but that name is now considered derogatory. They live in a region which they call Sápmi that stretches across the northern areas of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. They were formerly nomadic, herding reindeer. Now they make their living by farming, forestry, fishing, mining, and other commercial or academic pursuits. There are estimated to be from 50,000 to 200,000 Saami people.

The three Saami languages have been banned at times by Scandinavian governments, but more recent times have seen efforts to preserve the languages and Saami culture.

In Norway, Sweden and Finland, there are parliaments to represent the Saami people They also have newspapers and radio stations reporting in Saami languages.

FUN FACT: In Frozen II, there is a tribe called the Northuldra tribe in the Enchanted Forest. They are based on the Saami people of northern Norway. The film’s characters, Elsa and Anna, learn that their mother was a member of that tribe, so the sisters have Northuldran ancestry.

Sources

Sami | People, History, & Lifestyle | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sami. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

Sápmi – IWGIA – International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. https://www.iwgia.org/en/sapmi.html. Accessed 12 Dec. 2022.

Chandler, Gemma. “Fascinating Facts about the Sámi People.” National Geographic Kids, 17 Dec. 2019, https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/geography/general-geography/sami-people-facts/.

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Fanni is Radnóti's wife
Located near the Tang capital city of Chang’an, site of the modern city of Xi’an in Shaanxi province, in central China.
Soldiers of that time commonly wore a white head cloth, similar to what is still worn by some peasants in China today.  The implication is that the conscripts were so young that they didn’t know how to wrap their head cloths, and needed help from elders.
Before China’s unification under the Qin dynasty in 221 B.C. there were several competing smaller kingdoms.  Han and Qin were two of these kingdoms. Han was located east of famous mountain passes that separated that area from the power base of the Qin dynasty, with its capital in Chang’an. The Qin dynasty itself only lasted about 15 years after unification due to its draconian rule, but soldiers under Qin rule retained a reputation as strong fighters.
The area of Guanxi, meaning “west of the passes”, refers to the area around the capital city of Chang’an.
This is an alternative name for a province in western China, now known as Qinghai, which literally means “blue sea”.  Kokonor Lake, located in Qinghai, is the largest saline lake in China.  
Before China’s unification under the Qin dynasty in 221 B.C. there were several competing smaller kingdoms.  Han and Qin were two of these kingdoms. Han was located east of famous mountain passes that separated that area from the power base of the Qin dynasty, with its capital in Chang’an. The Qin dynasty itself only lasted about 15 years after unification due to its draconian rule, but soldiers under Qin rule retained a reputation as strong fighters.
Oulart Hollow was the site of a famous victory of the Irish rebels over British troops, which took place on May 27, 1798. The rebels killed nearly all the British attackers in this battle. (Source: Maxwell, W. H. History of the Irish Rebellion in 1798. H. H. Bohn, London 1854, pp 92-93, at archive.org)
The phrase "United Men" is elaborated upon in the Notes section below.

Ghetto


An Italian word meaning “foundry.” It originally referred to a part of the city of Venice where the Jews of that city were forced to live; the area was called “the ghetto” because there was a foundry nearby. The term eventually came to refer to any part of a city in which a minority group is forced to live as a result of social, legal, or economic pressure. Because of the restrictions placed upon them, ghetto residents are often impoverished.

"You’re five nine, I am do-uble two"


A reference to the year 1959 and the year 2020.

"The Currency"


Meaning US dollars - this is drawing attention to the fact that Cuba is effectively dollarized.

"Sixty years with the dom-ino stuck"


This sentence is a reference to the Cold War notion that countries would turn Communist one after the other - like dominos. Cuba was the first domino, but it got stuck - no one else followed through into communism.

رحلنا


رحلنا, or "rahalna," means "we have left."

Habibi


Habibi means "my love."

Ra7eel


Ra7eel, or "raheel," means "departure."

3awda


3awda, or "awda," means "returning."

أهلاً


أهلاً, or "ahalan," means "welcome."

a5 ya baba


a5 ya baba, pronounced "akh ya baba," means "Oh my father."